줌달의 일반화학 해답

줌달의 일반화학 해답

줌달의 일반화학 해답.pdf

본문 A41 Answers to Selected Exercises The answers listed here are from the Complete Solutions Guide, in which round- ing is carried out at each intermediate step in a calculation in order to show the correct number of signicant gures for that step. Therefore, an answer given here may differ in the last digit from the result obtained by carrying ex- tra digits throughout the entire calculation and rounding at the end (the proce- dure you should follow). Chapter 1 19. A law summarizes what happens, e.g., law of conservation of mass in a chemical reaction or the ideal gas law, PV . nRT. A theory (model) is an at- tempt to explain why something happens. Dalton's atomic theory explains why mass is conserved in a chemical reaction. The kinetic molecular theory ex- plains why pressure and volume are inversely related at constant temperature and moles of gas. 21. The fundamental steps are (1) making observations; (2) formulating hypotheses; (3) performing experiments to test the hypotheses. The key to the scientic method is performing experiments to test hypotheses. If after the test of time, the hypotheses seem to account satisfactorily for some aspect of natural behavior, then the set of tested hypotheses turns into a the- ory (model). However, scientists continue to perform experiments to rene or replace existing theories. 23. A qualitative observation expresses what makes something what it is; it does not involve a number; e.g., the air we breathe is a mixture of gases, ice is less dense than water, rotten milk stinks. The SI units are mass in grams, length in meters, and volume in the derived units of m 3. The assumed uncertainty in a number is . 1 in the last signicant gure of the number. The precision of an instrument is related to the number of signicant gures associated with an experimental reading on that instrument. Different instruments for measuring mass, length, or volume have varying degrees of precision. Some instruments only give a few signicant gures for a measure- ment while others will give more signicant gures. 25. Signicant gures are the digits we associate with a number. They contain all of the certain dig- its and the rst uncertain digit (the rst estimated digit). What follows is one thousand indicated to varying numbers of signicant gures: 1000 or 1 . 103 (1 S.F.); 1.0 . 103 (2 S.F.); 1.00 . 103 (3 S.F.); 1000. or 1.000 . 103 (4 S.F.). To perform the calculation, the addition/subtraction signicant rule is applied to 1.5 . 1.0. The result of this is the one signicant gure answer of 0.5. Next, the multiplication/division rule is applied to 0.5/0.50. A one signicant num- ber divided by a two signicant number yields an answer with one signicant gure (answer . 1). 27. The slope of the TF vs. TC plot is 1.8 ( . 9/5) and the y-intercept is 32 . F. The slope of TC vs. TK plot is 1 and the y-intercept is . 273. C. 29. a. exact; b. inexact; c. exact; d. inexact 31. a. 3; b. 4; c. 4; d. 1; e. 7; f. 1; g. 3; h. 3 33. a. 3.42 . 10. 4; b. 1.034 . 104; c. 1.7992 . 101; d. 3.37 . 105 35. a. 641.0; b. 1.327; c. 77.34; d. 3215; e. 0.420 37. a. 188.1; b. 12; c. 4 . 10. 7; d. 6.3 . 10. 26; e. 4.9; Uncertainty appears in the rst decimal place. The average of several numbers can be only as pre- cise as the least precise number. Averages can be exceptions to the signicant gure rules. f. 0.22 39. a. 84.3 mm; b. 2.41 m; c. 2.945 . 10. 5 cm; d. 14.45 km; e. 2.353 . 105 mm; f. 0.9033 . m 41. a. 8 lb and 9.9 oz; ; b. 4.0 .201 4 in 65. 3.8 g/cm 3 67. a. Both are the same mass; b. 1.0 mL mercury; c. Both are the same mass; d. 1.0 L benzene 69. a. 1.0 kg fe ather; b. 100 g water; c. same 71. 2.77 cm 73. a. Picture iv represents a gaseous compound. Pictures ii and iii also contain a gaseous compound but have a gaseous element present. b. Picture vi represents a mixture of two gaseous elements. c. Picture v repre- sents a solid element. d. Pictures ii and iii both represent a mixture of a gaseous element and a gaseous compound. 75. a. heterogeneous; b. homogeneous (hopefully); c. homogeneous; d. homogeneous (hopefully); e. heterogeneous; f. heterogeneous 77. a. pure; b. mixture; c. mixture; d. pure; e. mixture (cop- per and zinc); f. pure; g. mixture; h. mixture; i. mixture. Iron and uranium are elements. Water is a compound. 79. Compound 81. a. physical; b. chemi- cal; c. physical; d. chemical 83. 24 capsules 85. 15-22 mg/kg 87. Gas: $62.5; E85: $63.3 89. 7 . 105 kg mercury 91. Chemical changes: b, c, and d; physical changes: a, e, and f 93. 1.0 . 105 bags 95. 3.0 . 1017 m 97. 56.56. C 99. a. Volume . density . mass; the orange block is more dense. Since mass (orange) . mass (blue) and volume (orange) . volume (blue), the density of the orange block must be greater to account for the larger mass of the orange block. b. Which block is more dense cannot be determined. Since mass (orange) . mass (blue) and volume (orange) . volume (blue), the den- sity of the orange block may or may not be larger than the blue block. If the blue 하고 싶은 말 좀 더 업그레이드하여 자료를 보완하여, 과제물을 꼼꼼하게 정성을 들어 작성했습니다. 위 자료 요약정리 잘되어 있으니 잘 참고하시어 학업에 나날이 발전이 있기를 기원합니다 ^^ 구입자 분의 앞날에 항상 무궁한 발전과 행복과 행운이 깃들기를 홧팅 키워드 일반, 일반화학, 줌달, 해답