고분자 화학 정리

고분자 화학 정리

고분자 화학 정리.hwp

본문 Polymer Chemistry an introduction Third edition Malcolm P. Stevens Part Ⅰ Polymer structure and properties Chapter 1 Basic principles 1.1 Introduction and Historical Development ※ functional group polyester O ∥ -CO- poly anhydride O O ∥ ∥ -COC- poly acetal -O-CH-O- ｜ R poly amide O ∥ -C-NH- poly urethane O ∥ -OC-NH- poly urea O ∥ -NH-C-NH- poly carbonate O ∥ -OCO- polysulfide -S- , -S-S- poly siloxane R R ｜ ｜ -Si-O-Si- ｜ ｜ R R poly ether -O- ※ Cl OCH _ 2 CF _ 3 ｜ ｜ - P=N _ n - + 2NaOCH_ 2 CF_ 3 → - P=N _ n - + 2NaCl (T_ g =-68℃ :flexible) ｜ ｜ Cl OCH _ 2 CF _ 3 ※ polymerization : 고분자합성 ※ △ △ + △ △ = △ △ polymer(PVC) 가소제 flexible (가소제로 인해서) ※ 고리형중합은 양이온 및 음이온중합이 가장 일반적이다. ※ immortal polymerization ⇒ 알코올이나 산을 연쇄이동제로 사용 ※ 분자간격 (fiber > plastic > rubber) ※ plastics, fibers, elastomers, coatings, adhesives, rubber, protein, cellulose ※ textile fibers : polyester, nylon ※ light weight bulletproof vests : high strength polyamide ※ milk bottle : polyethylene ※ artificial heart : polyurethane ※ automobile tire : rubber ※ poly : many , mer : part ※ Macromolecules = Polymer ※ most synthetic polymers have molecular weights in the range of several thousand up to several million atomic mass units. ※ O : 불안정 (반응성이 좋다) : 가장 안정 alkene addition reaction ※ Monomer Polymer CH _ 2 =CH _ 2 - CH _ 2 CH _ 2 - CH _ 2 =CHCl - CH _ 2 CH - ｜ Cl O CH _ 2 -CH _ 2 - CH _ 2 CH _ 2 O - (poly ether) → 4bar MW HOCH _ 2 CH _ 2 OH - CH _ 2 CH _ 2 O - + H_ 2 O (poly glycol) → bar MW ▷ monomer에 따라서 중합된 polymer의 분자량의 차이가 난다. O ∥ HO- -CO _ 2 H - O- -C - + H_ 2 O ※ 기계적 강도 MW(분자량) ※ The last two contain fewer atoms because a byproduct(water) is formed during polymerization. ※ Opening of a strained three membered ring cyclic ether (ethylene oxide) to form a more stable open-chain polyether. ※ Ethylene glycol, undergoes intermolecular dehydration, also to form a polyether. ※ p-hydroxybenzonic acid, undergoes intermolecular esterification to yield a polyester. ※ Ethylene glycol : low-molecular weight polyether. (cause : byproduct(water)) Ethylene oxide : high-molecular weight (useful polymer) ※ Ethylene oxide, p-hydroxybenzonic acid → difunctional (작용기가 2개) ※ 2CH _ 3 CH _ 2 OH -> ``CH _ 3 CH _ 2 OCH _ 2 CH _ 3 + H_ 2 O -CO _ 2 H`` +CH _ 3 CH _ 2 OH → -CO _ 2 CH _ 2 CH _ 3 ```+ H_ 2 O ▷ monofunctional monomer를 이용한 반응을 nonpolymer을 형성한다. ※ nHO- -CO _ 2 H`` → - O- - O# DLINE # C`` _ n -``````+````H _ 2 O nHO _ 2 C- -CO _ 2 H`` + nHOCH _ 2 CH _ 2 OH ````````````````````````O# ```````````````````````` DLINE # -> ```````- C- ```````O# ``````` DLINE # -COCH _ 2 CH _ 2 O _ n -``````````+`````2nH _ 2 O ▷ Difunctional monomer를 이용한 반응은 polymer를 형성한다. ※ functionality of at least two is necessary to form polymers by other than alkene addition or ring opening. ※ ````````````````````````````````````````````````````O```````````````````````````O# ``````````````````````````````````````````````````` DLINE `````````````````````````` DLINE # - OCH _ 2 CH _ 2 OCCH _ 2 CH _ 2 C``` - Poly ethylene succinate ※ Most of the polymers having excellent thermal and oxidative stability, for use in high performance aerospace applications. Engineering plastics- polymers designed to replace metals. High-strength aromatic fibers(ex. kevlar), some based on liquid crystal technology, for use in a variety of applications from tire cord to cables for anchoring oceanic oil-drilling platforms. Nonflammable polymers, including some that emit a minium of smoke or toxic fumes. Degradable polymers, which not only help reduce the volume of unsightly plastic waste but also allow controlled release of drugs or agricultural chemicals. Polymers for a broad spectrum of medical applications, from degradable sutures(분해가되는봉합) to artificial organs.(인공장기) Conducting polymers- polymers that exhibit electrical conductivities comparable to those of metals. Polymers that serve as insoluble supports for catalysts or for automated protein or nucleic acid synthesis (soild-phase protein synthesis) →고상중합법(고체표면에서 중합시킴) -CO _ 2 H → - ※ 에스테르 반응 O# DLINE # 하고 싶은 말 좀 더 업그레이드하여 자료를 보완하여, 과제물을 꼼꼼하게 정성을 들어 작성했습니다. 위 자료 요약정리 잘되어 있으니 잘 참고하시어 학업에 나날이 발전이 있기를 기원합니다 ^^ 구입자 분의 앞날에 항상 무궁한 발전과 행복과 행운이 깃들기를 홧팅 키워드 반응, 중합, 가소제, 고분자, 강도, 고체